Information in Spanish language: National Contact Point Spain

Last updated: 30.05.2016

Scope

Scale	No. of dwellings	No. of buildings	No. of inhabitants	m² reference area
Regional	692,641	47,984	1,385,285	88.25 (conditioned useful floor area; average value per dwelling)

Description of the Basic Case and the Most Relevant Scenarios

First, which segment of building stock to apply the scenarios was selected. As anticipated above, multi-family buildings built during the 1940-1980 period were decided as the ones with the highest saving potential (which are approximately half of the buildings built during this period). Then, three improvement measures were selected in order to be applied to all the proposed scenarios: improving the façades, windows, rooftops and/or a combination of them. These measures were chosen over others, like renovate the heating system, as they last longer and require much less maintenance. In economic terms, an analysis supposing an investment grant of 50 % of the final cost of the different scenarios was made.

Between the years 2012 and 2021, six possible scenarios were calculated, the first of them, renewing the 10 % of the existing building stock during that 10 year span, the second, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 % and 80 % for the rest.

The three most relevant scenarios are the 30, 40 and 50 %, this happens because they are all reducing considerably the energy consumption, and are feasible in manpower terms. Scenario 6, with 80 % of the building stock improved, is far too away from the current rates, and both scenarios 1 and 2, are far away the reduction targets.

Results

For achieving a significant reduction in final energy consumption for the year 2021, during the period 2012-2021, greater than 20 % energy saving, 80 % or more of the building stock should be renewed during these 10 years (Scenario 6), this would be more than 55,000 building renewals per year, which is a far great rate of current renewal and quite difficult to accomplish. The investment for this scenario is 1,406 million €. A more plausible scenario is number 4, which includes the renewal of 40 % of the considered building stock, with a renewal rate of 27,000 buildings per year and energy savings of about 10 %. This would cost around 703 million €. Scenario 1 would suppose the intervention on only 10 % of the existing stock, with an annual rate in compliance with those suggested in the last Housing plan, of 6,925 yearly renewals. On the other hand, this scenario would only reduce energy consumption in 2 %, which is quite an irrelevant quantity. So, with this rate, we can conclude that of national target of inspecting all the buildings 50 or more years old by the end of 2018 will not be accomplished.

These improvements are directed towards the fulfilment of the CTE (Código Técnico de la Edificación, Spanish legislation for buildings), in which the new U-values after renewals on façades, windows and/or rooftops have to achieve established standards. This renewal is mainly focused on the façades as it’s the most efficient element in energy reduction standards.

Another option that may achieve similar savings whilst intervening in a lower percentage of the building stock would be to propose stricter improvements than those required by the CTE and closer to the NZEB approach, prioritizing renewals that improve insulation at the building envelope. Once this renewal is managed, we could propose the improvement of systems, adding renewable energy sources, although this would obviously increase the invested quantity.

It also has to be noted that we’ve considered real energy consumption data, not following data obtained with energy evaluation programs that consider much higher consumptions (we’ve acknowledged this, up to 60 % in some cases), and so this would result in much higher energy consumption reduction, but only theoretically, it wouldn’t be suitable for realistic scenarios.

Proposed scenarios and main features

Intervention on building stock	Possible scenarios
	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6
Characteristics of the renewed building stock
Building stock (during the period 1940-80) intervened	10 %	20 %	30 %	40 %	50 %	80 %
Number of renewed buildings at 2021	69,254	138,518	207,782	277,048	346,308	554,105
Number or renewed buildings per year, up to 2021	6,925	13,852	20,778	27,705	34,631	55,411
Savings and reductions
Energy savings after 10 years	2 %	5 %	7 %	10 %	12 %	20 %
Energy reduction, 2012-2012 (MWh)	247,871	495,969	744,016	992,143	1,240,259	1,984,494
Reduction in CO2 emissions 2012-2021 (T)	54,804	109,660	164,504	219,367	274,227	438,782
Cost savings after 10 years (m €)	62	124	186	248	310	495
Cost savings after 20 years (m €)	143	286	429	571	714	1,143
Cost savings after 30 years (m €)	224	448	671	895	1,119	1,790
Costs and investment grants
Building budget (m €)	201	403	604	806	1007	1612
Total investment budget (m €)	244	488	731	975	1219	1950
Investment grant (50%) (m €)	122	244	366	488	609	975
Private investment cost (m €)	122	244	366	488	609	975
CO2 emissions return (m €)	1	1	2	2	3	5
Number of jobs created at 2021	5,368	10,736	16,082	21,450	26,818	42,900

 

Last updated: 19.10.2015

Responsible for the content of this page:  IVE - Instituto Valenciano de la Edificación  (contact information)