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FR France - Country Page

National Contact Point

Information in French language:    National Contact Point France (TABULA project)
   National Contact Point France (EPISCOPE project)

Residential Building Typology

Building Type Matrix

classification scheme for residential buildings --- construction year classes --- pictures of example buildings

(►explanations)

Generic Building Types

Last updated: 02.09.2014


National Typology Brochure

example buildings  ---  typical energy consumption values  ---  effect of refurbishment measures  ---  building display sheets

(►explanations)

Brochure in French language.  (Click on picture to download PDF.)

Last updated: 12.11.2015


Statistics of the French Building Stock

systematical overview  ---  available statistics for residential buildings and heat supply systems

(►explanations)

Overview

Statistical Table Item Available Sources
S-1.1 Frequency of building types of the national building stock yes [1]
S-1.2.1 Percentage of thermally refurbished envelope areas yes [2]
S-1.2.2 Information on insulation level and window types yes [3]
S-2.1 Centralisation of the heat supply (for space heating) yes [4]
S-2.2 Heat distribution and storage of space heating systems
S-2.3 Heat generation of space heating systems yes [5]
S-2.4 Heat distribution and storage of domestic hot water systems
S-2.5 Heat generation of domestic hot water systems yes [6]
S-2.6 Solar thermal systems yes [7]
S-2.7 Ventilation systems yes [8]
S-2.8 Air-conditioning systems yes [9]
S-2.9 Control of central heating systems yes [10]
S-3.1 Domestic Energy consumption yes [11]

Last updated: 04.09.2014

Data sources

[1] INSEE 1999_LOG1 - Logements par catégorie selon l'époque d'achèvement (France métropolitaine)
     www.recensement-1999.insee.fr/default.asp

[2] ADEME: SOFRES (10000 ménages survey) + OPEN

[3] ADEME

[4] Données statistiques CEREN en 2013; tableau: parc des résidences principales en 2011,
     selon la date de construction du logement et l’énergie de chauffage
     http://www.ceren.fr/files/static/Publication_donnees_CEREN.xlsx

[5] données statistiques CEREN en 2013; titre du tableau: PARC DES RESIDENCES PRINCIPALES EN 2011,
     SELON LA DATE DE CONSTRUCTION DU LOGEMENT ET L’ENERGIE DE CHAUFFAGE
     http://www.ceren.fr/files/static/Publication_donnees_CEREN.xlsx

[6] CEREN

[7] Baromètre solaire thermique et héliothermodynamique Eurobserv'ER Mai 2013
     (Systèmes solaires le journal des énergies renouvelables n° 215 2013)
     www.enerplan.asso.fr/index.php

[8] ADEME: Air.h study n°2415117 for ADEME

[9] Etude du marché de la climatisation - Rapport d’étude et compléments EDF 2006

[10] ADEME: Ademe : technical conference on energy retrofit in dwellings

[11] Ceren Website: http://www.ceren.fr/files/static/Publication_donnees_CEREN.xlsx
       This file is the basis for CEREN's publication called "DONNÉES STATISTIQUES DU CEREN",
       published in June 2013

Last updated: 04.09.2014

Statistic S-1.1: Frequency of Building Types of the National Building Stock

construction year class SFH TH MFH AB sum fraction
number of buildings (1000)
1 < 1915 2 568 683 251 112 3 614 24 %
2 1915…1948 1 445 384 141 83 2 053 14 %
3 1949…1967 1 456 387 228 119 2 190 15 %
4 1968…1974 1 188 316 110 105 1 719 12 %
5 1975…1981 1 470 391 23 37 1 920 13 %
6 1982…1989 1 452 386 27 21 1 887 13 %
7 1990…1999 1 134 301 29 28 1 493 10 %
8 2000…2005
9 2006…2012
sum 10 713 2 848 809 505 14 876 100 %
fraction 72 % 19 % 5 % 3 % 100 %

Last updated: 08.11.2013

construction year class SFH TH MFH AB sum fraction

number of dwellings (1000)

 

1

< 1915

2 568 683 1 078 609 4 938 21%

2

1915…1948

1 445 384 604 452 2 886 12%

3

1949…1967

1 456 387 865 1 714 4 422 19%

4

1968…1974

1 188 316 418 1 515 3 436 14%

5

1975…1981

1 470 391 208 944 3 012 13%

6

1982…1989

1 452 386 246 555 2 640 11%

7

1990…1999

1 134 301 261 732 2 428 10%

8

2000…2005

 

9

2006…2012

 

sum

10 713 2 848 3 679 6 521 23 762 100%

fraction

45% 12% 15% 27% 100%

 

Last updated: 08.11.2013

construction year class SFH TH MFH AB sum fraction
living space (million m²)
1 < 1915 239 579 63 697 62 972 35 864 402 692 21%
2 1915…1948 122 834 32 679 30 133 22 669 208 651 11%
3 1949…1967 126 364 33 539 55 728 110 282 325 809 17%
4 1968…1974 114 496 30 483 28 127 102 097 275 452 15%
5 1975…1981 147 818 39 255 13 995 63 578 265 789 14%
6 1982…1989 147 663 39 291 15 969 36 093 239 999 13%
7 1990…1999 97 932 26 078 12 407 34 877 171 212 9%
8 2000…2005
9 2006…2012
sum 996 686 265 023 219 330 405 460 1 889 604 100%
fraction 53% 14% 12% 21% 100%

Source: INSEE 1999_LOG1 - Logements par catégorie selon l'époque d'achèvement (France métropolitaine)
www.recensement-1999.insee.fr/default.asp

Last updated: 08.11.2013

After 2000 period data:
Frequency of building types of the national building stock (metropolitan France)
Building TYPE Number of apartments Living space in m²
2001… 2005 1740630 189212316
2006… 2011 2140178 157247145

Last updated: 08.11.2013

Aggregation for Building Stock Model
    construction period number of Buildings
(x1000)
number of Apartments
(x1000)
living space
(106 m²)
"Single Family
Houses"
SFH I until 1975 8207.5 8207.5 743.8
SFH II 1976 - 2000 5308.6 5308.6 512.4
"Multi Family
Houses "
MFH I until 1975 1178.5 7023.4 433.7
MFH II 1975 - 2000 222.0 2986.3 176.5

Statistic S-1.2.1: Percentage of thermally refurbished envelope areas

percentages related to building numbers of the respective classes SFH I - MFH II
Percentage of modernised element area
(with improved thermal protection)
Building classes SFH I SFH II MFH I MFH II
until 1975 1975-2000 until 1975 1975-2000
walls
37
88
19
52
roofs / upper floor ceilings
62
90
25
65
basement / cellar ceiling
12
42
10
30
windows*
35
75
23
57

Statistic S-1.2.2: Information on insulation level and window types

S-1.2.2.1: Insulation thicknesses of refurbished Elements
numbers related to modernised elements
Average values of insulation Resistance (R K.m2/W)
walls
2 m2.K/W
roofs / upper floor ceilings
2.5-3 m2.K/W
basement / cellar ceiling
2 m2.K/W
Double glazing windows
2 – 2.3 W/m2.K

Statistic S-2.1: Centralisation of the Heat Supply (for Space Heating)

SFH I SFH II MFH I MFH II
( - 1975) (1975 - 2011) ( - 1975) (1975 - 2011)
Centralisation of Heating System 95% 94% 42% 17%
District Heating - - 9% 7%
Building / Apartment Heating Systems - - 47% 76%
Room Heating Systems 5% 6% 2% 1%

Source: données statistiques CEREN en 2013; tableau: parc des résidences principales en 2011, selon la date de construction du logement et l’énergie de chauffage
www.ceren.fr/files/static/Publication_donnees_CEREN.xlsx

Last updated: 08.11.2013

Statistic S-2.3: Heat Generation of Space Heating Systems

Heat Generator Types

Percentages related to: dwellings in all residential buildings of the classes SFH I – MFH II

Heat Generators for Space Heating SFH I SFH II MFH I MFH II
District Heating 9,3% 6,9%
Collective Boilers Gas 35,8% 14,0%
Oil 5,7% 1,9%
Biomass 0,8% 0,7%
Coal 0,1% 0,0%
Boilers (individual) Gas 2,7% 1,3% 27,1% 27,6%
Oil 45,5% 17,3% 0,5% 0,1%
Biomass 2,7% 1,3% 0,1% 0,1%
Coal 0,2% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0%
LPG 3,3% 3,9% 0,0% 0,2%
Electricity 37,2% 66,9% 19,2% 47,7%
Others 0,4% 0,5%
Room Heating Systems /
Stoves
Gas 0,5% 0,0% 0,3% 0,1%
Oil 0,1% 0,1% 0,1% 0,0%
Biomass 6,0% 7,1% 0,5% 0,2%
Coal 0,9% 0,0% 0,1% 0,0%
LPG 0,5% 0,1% 0,2% 0,0%
Electricity 0,0% 1,6% 0,3% 0,3%
TOTAL 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

Last updated: 08.11.2013

Energy Career

Percentages related to: space heating all residential buildings of the classes SFH I -   MFH II

Summary: Energy Carriers SFH I SFH II MFH I MFH II
District Heating 0% 0% 9% 7%
Gas 39% 28% 63% 42%
LPG 2% 3% 0% 0%
Oil 29% 13% 6% 2%
Biomass 6% 6% 0% 0%
Coal 1% 0% 0% 0%
Electricity 23% 50% 20% 48%
Others 0,2% 0,4% 0,8% 0,9%
100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00%

Source : données statistiques CEREN en 2013; titre du tableau: PARC DES RESIDENCES PRINCIPALES EN 2011, SELON LA DATE DE CONSTRUCTION DU LOGEMENT ET L’ENERGIE DE CHAUFFAGE
www.ceren.fr/files/static/Publication_donnees_CEREN.xlsx&nbsp;

Last updated: 08.11.2013

After 2000-period

Heat Generator Types
Heat Generators for Space Heating

SFH MFH
2001…2005 2006…2011 2001…2005 2006…2011
Collective boilers Urban heating-others - - 4% 4%
Coal - - 0% 0%
Oil - - 1% 0%
Gas - - 8% 8%
Boilers (individual) Urban heating-others 0% 1% 0% 0%
Coal 0% 0% 0% 0%
Oil 13% 3% 0% 0%
Gas 36% 28% 36% 33%
LPG 4% 1% 2% 0%
Electricity 40% 64% 47% 54%
Biomass 0% 0% 0% 0%
Room Heating systems Coal 0% 0% 0% 0%
Oil 0% 0% 0% 0%
Gas 0% 0% 0% 0%
LPG 0% 0% 0% 0%
Electricity 2% 1% 1% 1%
Biomass 4% 1% 0% 0%
TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100%

Last updated: 08.11.2013

Energy Carriers

Percentages related to: space heating all residential buildings of the classes defined below

Summary: Energy Carriers 2001…2005 2006…2012 2001…2005 2006…2012
  SFH SFH MFH MFH
District Heating 0% 1% 4% 4%
Gas 36% 28% 45% 41%
GPL 4% 1% 2% 0%
Oil 14% 3% 2% 0%
Biomass 4% 1% 0% 0%
Coal 0% 0% 0% 0%
Electricity 42% 65% 47% 55%
TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100%

Last updated: 08.11.2013

Statistic S-2.5: Heat generation of domestic hot water systems

Percentages related to number of dwellings in buildings of classes SFH I- MFH II
Heat Generation for hot water supply
 
SFH I
SFH II
MFH I
MFH II
hot water generation combined with heating system
27.8%
18.9%
39.3%
25.1%
electric heaters with small storage tanks
27.1%
36.4%
19.6%
30.9%
gas flow heaters without storage tanks
7.7%
4.2%
8.9%
6.3%
total ECS indépendante
34.8%
40.5%
32.0%
37.7%
hot water storage tanks directly heated with fuels (e.g. gas)
0.0%
0.0%
3.4%
0.5%
heat pump for hot water generation (exhaust air, cellar air)
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
No hot water production
2.6%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%

Statistic S-2.6: Solar Thermal Systems

Number of solar systems

SFH MFH SFH and MFH in 2011 SFH and MFH in 2012

installed m²

1 158 848 370 682 2 204 052 2 396 313

production capactiy
installed (MWth)

279 972 8 727 1542,8 1677,4

Source: Baromètre solaire thermique et héliothermodynamique Eurobserv'ER Mai 2013 (Systèmes solaires le journal des énergies renouvelables n° 215 2013)
www.enerplan.asso.fr/index.php

Last updated: 08.11.2013

Statistic S-2.7: Ventilation systems

Percentage of ventilation systems

  SFH I SFH II MFH I MFH II
No ventilation 14 % 9 %
Room natural ventilation 36 % 34 %
Natural ventilation by duct 22 % 16 %
Natural ventilation with assistance - 1 %
local mechanical ventilation 1 % 0 %
mechanical ventilation on ducts - 13 %
Self controlled mech ventilation 23 % 22 %
Hygro controlled mech ventilation 5 % 5 %
Double flow mech ventilation 1 % 0 %

Statistic S-2.8: Air-conditioning systems

number of air conditioning systems in dwellings

  SFH I SFH II MFH I MFH II
number of dwellings (x 1000) 412.9 355.1 116.5 100.1

Statistic S-2.9: Control of Central Heating Systems

% of dwellings equipped
  SFH I SFH II MFH I MFH II
Thermostat 43 47 46 70
Thermostatic valve 39 43 23 29
Programming device 13 16 10 13

Statistic S-3.1: Domestic energy consumption

 

Energy consumption for all energies and all uses (TWh)
Types of building Construction period Number of dwellings (in thousands) Floor area in million of m² Total including gas including electricity including fuel others
Collective buildings Before 1975 7.189 476 96,2 50,4 24,9 6,6 14,3
1975-1998 3.308 217 35,4 13,1 16 1,5 4,9
1999 and after 1.667 109 15,8 6,1 8,4 0,2 1
TOTAL 12.164 802 147,4 69,6 49,3 8,3 20,2
Individual houses Before 1975 8.254 890 181,1 54,3 46,2 40,5 40,2
1975-1998 5.013 577 98,8 18,9 38 13 28,9
1999 and after 2.528 292 47,6 11,4 20,2 2,8 13,2
TOTAL 15.795 1.759 327,6 84,6 104,4 56,3 82,3

Downloaded from CEREN website, with following link:
www.ceren.fr/files/static/Publication_donnees_CEREN.xlsx

This file is the basis for CEREN's publication called "DONNÉES STATISTIQUES DU CEREN", published in June 2013

Last updated: 04.09.2014


Responsible for the content of this page: 

Pouget Consultants 
(contact information)

ADEME
(existing building type matrix and datasets, developed during IEE project TABULA)
(contact information)

 

 

 

 
Pouget